Study Abroad Blog: Review: My Fair Lady, The Musical

Hi guys, it's not quite time for my last post yet so I'll share my experience of seeing My Fair Lady, The Musical this week, which was performed in the beautiful inner-courtyard of Heidelberg Castle.

The musical is based on George Bernard Shaw's popular stage play Pygmalion. Professor Henry Higgins, an antisocial phonetician, has a chance encounter with Eliza Doolittle, a rough-talking Cockney flower girl. The pair make an alliance when, for a bet, the Professor attempts to transform Eliza into a well-spoken lady and fool the English aristocracy.

My Fair Lady is a cult classic, and is most often recognised for Audrey Hepburn's starring role as Eliza in the 1964 film version. Having studied the play last term, I was especially excited to see how it would be adapted this time around.

The play was given a modern twist, as Eliza was styled as a boisterous young woman, with hippies, builders and street preachers amongst her crew of friends. Even a John Lennon look-a-like made an appearance! There was also a lot of audience interaction, as the actors and actresses mingled amongst the audience before the start of the play. It was great to see a comic interpretation of My Fair Lady, as Eliza's defiance and the Professor's exasperation often made the audience break into collective laughter.

The outdoor setting was striking: as the summer evening shifted from evening to night, the illuminated castle walls loomed over the stage. In this version, the live orchestra played on stage beside the actors, instead of being hidden in a pit. It was also amusing to hear popular melodies from the musical sung in German! Overall it was a thoroughly enjoyable evening.

It's now the last week of classes, and soon students will be preparing to travel back home, whether that be Germany or further afield. Heidelberg will succumb to the wave of tourists, eager to see its many sights. But before then, I'll be continuing with my papers, and beginning the arduous task of preparing to go home.

Bis bald!

Study Abroad Blog: Erasmus+ - the new study abroad scheme

As of next year the Erasmus scheme is changing. Rebranded as “Erasmus+” it will offer students the chance to improve their employability. Over seven years a massive 1.47 billion euros is expected to be pumped into the international exchange scheme. As MPs bicker in Whitehall over Britain's relationship with Europe, this latest development appears to strengthen the UK's connection with the EU via greater employment opportunities.

One of the biggest features of the new scheme is its desire to bring the various European exchange programmes under one uniform programme. The European Commission boasts opportunities for over four million European citizens under the new scheme, in Education, Training, Youth and Sport.

The updated scheme lends itself to the growing view that, the UK's burgeoning number of young graduates will have to look further afield towards Europe for greater career opportunities; and perhaps become part of the new generation of 'global citizens'.

Three Reasons to Study Abroad:

1) Career Boost – Whether it be via learning a new language, gaining work experience or demonstrating that you can thrive under pressure, studying abroad shows employers that you have a level of independence.

2) Travel – Europe is well connected via fast train, flight and bus, which makes travelling and seeing awesome new sights easy and cost effective.

3) Meet new people – Being able to establish a social network in a foreign place is a major confidence boost. It's also a great opportunity to meet other people from across the globe, and their sofas may come in handy if you plan to travel later on!

What do you think of the new scheme? Share your views below!

Study Abroad Blog: Seven Must-See Sights in Heidelberg

Easter is upon us, and since my last post I've finished the mountain of work that was set over the semester break, which included five term papers totalling over sixty-five pages! During this time I miraculously squeezed in a birthday celebration, welcome visits from a couple of friends and an uplifting visit from my Mum last week. 

Having had the chance to show a few friends and family around Heidelberg, I figured I'd share the best places in and around Heidelberg to visit – just in case you happen to be one of the 3.3 million people that visit the city every year!

The Castle

Heidelberg Castle also known as the Schloss dates back to the early 13^th century. Having withstood repeated attacks during the Thirty Years War and two lightning strikes the ruins have an eerie majesty. The castle is also home to a gigantic wine barrel which has a capacity of over 200,000 litres! 

The Student Prison 

Yes, up until 1914 the University once incarnated its unruly pupils in the Studenten Karzer. Serving time for minor offences, such as drunkenness or disruptive behaviour rebellious students could spend up to several weeks locked up! Located at the University of Heidelberg Museum, visitors can view several cells. Inside in true James Dean style layers of graffiti and defiant phrases scrawled by ex-inmates cover the walls. 

Philosopher's Walk

The Philosopher's Walk is also great for a stroll in nature. For the more adventurous, a climb up to the top of the mountain reveals a huge amphitheatre constructed during the Nazi era, as well as well as St Michael's Monastery, a medieval ruin. 

Alte Brücke

Built in the 18^th Century, the stone bridge links the Old Town to Philosopher's Walk, and offers picturesque views of the city along the stretch of the Nekar River. 

Beyond Heidelberg

 

Mannheim

Mannheim is a bustling multicultural city which neighbours Heidelberg. Impressively, Mannheim University has an eighteenth-century palace as its central grounds, which was once home to the German prince Karl Philip III. Nearby Luisen Park displays an array of South American and Chinese plants, as well as all sorts of animals from flamingos and penguins, to pythons and clown fish.

Schwetzingen Palace

 

Ten kilometers from Heidelberg,  Schwetzingen Palace is styled with influences from the Baroque and Rocco period. This is especially reflected in its ornate rooms crafted with quirky optical illusions. The gardens were also constructed to create an illusion of endlessness. Its uniform, manicured lawns and statues add to the its grandeur.

 Speyer Cathedral

The Cathedral, built in the early 11^th century holds the title of being the biggest preserved Romanesque Church in the world. The quaint town is one of the oldest in Germany, its first church being built as early as the 6^th century. Coffee shops and gelato stores line the main street , making it an ideal place for a quiet Sunday. 

So there you have it, an insider's travel guide to Heidelberg. Perhaps you've already visited. Share your experiences below!

Ciao!

Study Abroad Blog: Exploring Berlin

Undoubtedly one of the best things about studying abroad is the opportunity to travel. I recently spent several days in Berlin, which is situated in the east of Germany. Travelling with a friend from Heidelberg, it took five hours to reach Berlin using Germany's high-speed ICE trains, which can reach speeds of up to 320km per hour.

Boasting a population of over three million people, Berlin is a bustling multicultural city. Its impressive street art and postwar relics, like the East Side Gallery, the Brandenburg Gate and TV Tower give the city a quirky edge.

Staying with friends went a great way towards reducing expenses, and also meant that I got to experience the alternative side of the city. Speedminton was one such activity. It is similar to badminton but is played without a net. This time taking place in a gym hall covered with sand, UV lights highlighted the players adorned in neon paint, as music blared from speakers. Despite being a novice I gave it a good go and made a few rallies. It was great fun in spite of the sand-swamped boots I had to endure for the rest of the week!

That same night I went to a fancy dress party. The costumes were impressive, from hippies and mimes to what appeared to be extras from Moulin Rouge. Sadly I didn't have a costume, but as if my wishes were heard by my fairy godmother, a fellow partier kindly showered me in fairy dust; days later I was still picking odd specks of glitter from my hair.

The monuments in Berlin stand tall in the center of the city. One of the highlights was visiting Museum Island where huge museums are clustered together, making it easy to travel from one building to another. I particularly enjoyed the range of Egyptian art on display at the Neues Museum, as well as the intricate Islamic pieces at the Pergamon Museum, which also contains massive reconstructed buildings from antiquity. Nearby, Potsdamer Platz showcases sleek skyscrapers and its bright lights are akin to London's Leicester Square. 

Berlin once controlled by Britain, France, Russia and the USA simultaneously after the Second World War is steeped in modern history, and its various monuments are scattered across the city. The German Democratic Republic museum gives an insight into what is was like for many citizens in East Germany living in a Communist regime. I was surprised to see just how different the lives of people living in the East were from those of their counterparts in the West.

I also got the opportunity to visit the Holocaust memorial near Brandenburg Gate. The expansive memorial is particularly distinctive, as it is formed of concrete structures which progressively get taller as the ground beneath rises and dips at intervals. For me, this created a feeling of being disorientated and overpowered, and prompted me to reflect on the plight of those affected by the Holocaust.

 

The city is also home to a large Turkish population. Visiting the markets in the Turkish quarter and seeing an array of foods, spices and fabrics was a great insight to the city's diversity.

There are many options for traveling in and around Germany at a reasonable price. The InterRail pass for example, allows unlimited travel on a set number of days on all German trains within a month. Passes can include anywhere from two days of unlimited travel to eight. So if you're thinking of travelling around Europe sometime soon, you should definitely put Berlin on the list!

Bis bald!

Study Abroad Blog: Freiburg – Bonfires, Karneval and Faust

Hello blogosphere! Apologies for my recent lack of posts recently, but grovelling aside I bring good news!

Last week I got a short reprieve from term paper stress and travelled to Freiburg, after a friend kindly invited me to visit for the weekend. Located in the southwest of Germany, Freiburg is picturesque. Throughout the year tourists are drawn to the city and the surrounding areas for its vineyards, historic ruins and the Black Forest. 

On the first day we ventured into the city center, where postwar concrete buildings shoulder the winding streets of the Old Town. The Old Town is particularly distinctive as its "bachle" or small streams run along the pavements. A relic of the city's innovative sanitation system during the Middle Ages, the "bachle" are now skillfully avoided by hasty shoppers, while local superstition has it that those who accidentally fall into it will marry someone from Freiburg.

Another interesting site was the Freiburg Cathedral, also known as the 'Minster of Our Lady'. Built in the 13^th century its Gothic style high arches and authentic stained-glass windows stun it's visitors into awe-stricken silence. 

That evening leaving the coffee shops and ice-cream parlours of the city behind, we travelled out to witness an annual bonfire display. Burning disk-flinging is an age old tradition in Europe. Kids and adults alike use long sticks to heat wooden discs in bonfires and hit them onto wooden planks, launching the discs hundreds of meters into the distance. I watched mesmerised and chomping on a bratwurst, as the golden disks of light disappeared into the night like shooting stars.

On Saturday we visited Salzburg to see the city's annual street parade. The event, which runs shortly after the pre-Lent festival Fastnacht, had attracted various guilds from Salzburg and beyond. Beer, curry-wurst and high spirits were in abundance. Groups accompanied by big bands proudly represented their guilds in creative costumes. From terrifying demons with chiming cow bells to folkloric jesters. During the parade, onlookers are also active participants, and in return for candy they must endure pranks; damsels taken away on wagons, and unlucky spectators with tied feet and hands were common sights!

 

Later that day, we attended a Big Band show organised by the school my friend once attended. Highlights included the choir singing Queen's 'Bohemian Rhapsody' and the live band solos of Motown classics, such as 'Aint no mountain high enough'. 

Having not completely zapped all of my energy over the weekend, on Sunday we drove to Staufen, a place widely recognised for its production of wine. On a literary note, Staufen and its medieval castle ruins are also home to the Faust Legend. Dr. Johann Faust the notorious alchemist who made a pact with the devil is known to have lived and worked in the castle. His mysterious demise was picked up by both Goeter and Marlowe during the Renaissance era. 

The weekend was also a great opportunity to practice my German. Especially when the family gathered during meal times, and to my relief I was able to follow most of what was being discussed. Ultimately, it was great to experience Germany from a different perspective and sample a range of fresh and homemade dishes, like kartoffel suppe, pfannekuchen and flammkuchen – recipes I'll definitely be taking home!

Well, that was a snapshot of my weekend. 

Now I'm back in Heidelberg and ready to hit the homestretch! Ciao!

Study Abroad Blog: Freedom?

It's the start of the semester break for students at Heidelberg University, but forget any expectations you may have of Monday morning lie-ins and nonstop traveling, for most students the semester break consists of writing term papers and preparing for the next round of courses.

The summer term doesn't officially begin until mid-April, ( this would normally be when students at Leicester have finished their classes for the year!) so students spend the remainder of their free time handing in essays and collecting credit points. 

Not used to this system of study, it currently feels like I'm competing in a mental marathon. But saying goodbye to fellow international students this week who are returning home has reminded me just how temporary the study abroad experience is.

One of the best things about studying abroad is the diverse range of courses on offer, from the fantasy fiction of Tolkein to plays by American literary greats such as Eugene O'Neille. I've specifically enjoyed courses on postmodern literature, as these writers offer an alternative perspective to the conventionally studied canonical writers. Authors like Zadie Smith, who in NW deftly conveys the diversity of London, and Tony Harrison who has long produced poetry wrought with working class concerns. At Heidelberg, you are given free reign to write on the subjects that most interest you.

Despite the fact that the end of term is like Mo Farah striving to reach the finish line after ten thousand miles, the freedom of choice is liberating and I'm enjoying taking part in the race. 

Side note: This week I had my first experience of visiting a cinema in Germany. The popcorn servings were huge and the seats super comfy, but the pleasantries stopped there. Watching 12 Years a Slave was a harrowing experience. 

McQueen did well to capture the hauntingly beautiful landscape of the American Deep South, and the soundtrack by Hans Zimmer was moving, as was the stellar cast but the end of the film left me deflated. It would have been nice to see more character development and subtle resistance, as opposed to repeated scenes of violence. 

Towards the end of 12 Years a Slave, when the universally liked Brad Pitt strode in as a symbol of idealism against the Big Bad South the film drifted into a simplistic narrative. And the main character Solomon Northup once self-sufficient and quick-witted, was rendered disempowered and dependent.

Whereas Django offers its audience empowerment through comic relief and escapism, 12 Years A Slave's sombre tone and desire to cling to accuracy, ultimately fails to leave its audience uplifted nor with a new perspective on the slave experience.

Study Abroad Blog: Heidelberg Library Goers

It's the middle of the examination period at Heidelberg University, and students in ritualistic fashion have descended on the library; stalking through the halls in search of their own corner of quiet to cram for exams, write term papers and finish a plethora of uni related work. 

Unfortunately, I'm not exempt from this metamorphoses and for the past few weeks the Bibliothek has become my home away from home. Students at Heidelberg are in charge of their own timetables, and the relaxed atmosphere means you have to be super disciplined in order to independently plan, execute and submit assignments. 

The library has become a regular haunt for me, and from my David Attenborough like observation post I've come to recognise the many types of students that frequent its doors.

The Gamer

Most likely to be: Hunched over their laptop playing the millionth level of a repetitive game, or scoring high on the latest mobile app craze.

Never: Surrounded by papers or work of any sort. 

The Specter

Most likely to be: Invisible. Their presence is marked by their coats, papers and bags that seem to swamp the study spaces and computers that you would otherwise use.

Never: At their desk, or in the library.

The Inadvertent Studier 

Most Likely: On Facebook, YouTube or checking the news to avoid study.

Never: Has an open document, and probably any deadlines either. 

The Zombie

Most Likely: Carrying a large Starbucks cup and dragging their feet. This student is in the midst of a week of insane study and no sleep. Often trying not to fall asleep.

Never: Walking faster than the speed of a tortoise. 

The Computer Whisperer

Most Likely: Responsible for an outburst of swearing directed at their computer after it unexpectedly shut down in the middle of writing their essay.

Never: Has luck with technology. 

"Arnie"

Most Likely: Wearing ear plugs and directing menacing eyes to any student that dares to talk, cough, rustle papers or breathe.

Never: Takes a break. 

The Familiar Face

Most likely: Outside the library. You always run into this person on your way to the library, but can't quite remember how you became acquainted.

Never: Seems to travel beyond the perimeter of the library entrance.

The 99% 

Most Likely: You. Trudging in and out of the library daily in order to meet those endless deadlines.

Never: Without an assignment to complete.

So it's over and out from Heidelberg Library Goers.

If you recognise any of these library-goers, or would like to add ones not mentioned above comment below.

Bis dann!

Study Abroad Blog: Chinese New Year in Heidelberg

Last night I was lucky enough to attend the Chinese New Year Festival in Heidelberg, hosted in the city's ornate Kongresshaus building in the old town the event was a rare insight into East Asian culture. 

This year Chinese New Year falls on Friday. The age old festivity usually lasts for fifteen days and celebrates the triumph of a village over the mythical beast Nian; the townspeople realising the creature was frightened of red proceeded hang bright red lanterns and ornaments outside their homes to repel the monster. During the festival red is often used to commemorate the tradition. 

The Chinese New Year Festival in Heidelberg was an eclectic mix of German and Eastern culture. The presenters, German and Chinese students from the University of Heidelberg, effortlessly switched between the German and Chinese language. 

The talent on display was of a high standard and the performances ranged from high energy rock ballads and comedy sketches, to mesmerising classical music pieces. It was also great to see martial arts acts accompanied by authentic Chinese musical instruments. 

As the event reached its second half the mood drifted into suspense, as a lone Taekwondo performer prepared to break a solid block of wood with his bare heel. Held breaths were quickly released as the crowd erupted into applause. The performer celebrated with spinning kicks as the broken blocks of wood fled with the relieved volunteer backstage. 

2014 is the year of the Horse which symbolises prosperity and friendship. The event was a great chance to experience a little of Chinese culture and it's left me feeling optimistic for the year ahead in Heidelberg. 

Happy Chinese New Year – may the horse be with you!

Study Abroad Blog: Block Seminars - a good option?

When the times comes to select courses for the next semester many students in Germany have the option of taking part in a 'block seminar'. Courses that follow this system take the reading of an entire semester and structure them into several intensive seminars. These seminars usually run over the course of two consecutive weekends, and once completed students are free to carry on with their individual research, handing in their papers at the end of term. 

Block seminars are a great way to study a subject in more detail and free up time in your schedule, however completing the reading is essential in order to keep up with the fast moving and lengthy discussion. 

For the past two weekends I took part in a block seminar on Romanticism. Although I shuddered at the thought of having class from 10am to 4pm on both Saturday and Sunday, having never previously studied Romanticism, I thought it would be an ideal opportunity to fill in a few gaps in my knowledge of English literature, as well as give me an insight to the Romanticism module students are required to study in their final year at Leicester. 

The English course at the University of Leicester is structured chronologically, starting with Old English in the first year, and finishing with a module in Postmodernism in the final year giving students a broad sweep of English Literature. 

On the first day, any fears I had of being stuck listening to a monotonous day long lecture quickly vanished. The weekend was structured into presentations, group activities and discussions on topics as wide ranging as the French Revolution and 'The Gothic'. As a class of thirty we effectively taught each other, and our instructor helped to facilitate discussion by highlight interesting ideas. There were ample coffee breaks throughout the day to keep everyone motivated, and the day long seminars allowed a range of perspectives and opinions to be voiced. By the final day of the seminar we were actively conversing about Romanticism, a topic a few weeks prior we knew little of. 

Pros

- Gives you an in depth understanding of a subject

- Classes takes up a small part of semester, giving you more free time

- You get greater flexibility when it comes to choosing a research topic. 

Cons

– The fast moving discussion can leave you feeling a bit out of your depth.

- Requires a lot of concentration to actively participate throughout the day

- You have to be super-organised, and read the texts on time to understand the discussion. 

Verdict: Overall I would thoroughly recommend at least trying out a block seminar. I found it an enjoyable experience, and good practice in forming and sustaining a verbal argument. The flexibility of the course also appeals to me. Just make sure you read the texts so the weekend isn't lost in a haze of bewilderment!

Study Abroad Blog: Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt

The Christkindlesmarkt of Nuremberg, Germany is to Christmas what Hollywood is to the movie industry. Everything is big, bold and garishly cliche, but where Hollywood falls down, the blinding lights, gaudy trinkets and seasonal food simply make Nuremberg Christmas markets more impressive. 

As expected the Christmas market in Nuremberg was heaving. The city boasts a population of half a million people not to mention the additional tourists who flock in every December to witness the seasonal spectacle. Luckily a friend from Nuremberg was able to whip my friend and I through the maze of people to the best stalls. 

Unlike many other markets Nuremberg has its own children's' section, catering to visitors of all ages. Avoiding the wooden rocking horses and kinder punch stands I hurried to the main market in search of shopping, hot food and drink. In fact, Nuremberg is well known for its specialty sausages 'nurembergers' and almost all visitors carry 'drei und regular' rolls with a warm cup of gluhwein. Gingerbread is also a firm favorite of the markets; wafting from confectionery stalls through the air to entice passersby like Hansel and Gretel. 

But alas! I've been stamped with a firm reality check: having completed a presentation last week, I was assigned yet another one for the semester, adding to an already extensive list of assignments. But despite the ever so slight risk of embarrassment presentations are a great way of practicing public speaking, helping you to develop your ideas and communicate them with confidence. 

Communication skills are essential to your professional career, and also in your final year when you are expected to present your dissertation topic to academics. It's also a great confidence boost to receive positive feedback from your fellow students. Having gotten to the end of my presentation I was really pleased to see that it had encouraged a lot of debate and discussion in the class. 

As the busiest time of the semester reaches its peak, like many students I am spending increasing amounts of time in the library , finding occasional solace in memes, 'serious news' and ashamedly Facebook. But last week, while wandering through the library I was surprised to discover a wealth of literature from black female writers, from Alice Walker to Angela Davis and black feminists I had not yet heard of. It's refreshing to see a diverse range of writers studied in the English department at Heidelberg University. The opportunity to be exposed to new authors and alternative perspectives is one great advantage of studying abroad. Despite the imminent onslaught of assignments I'm sure I can devote a little time to enlightening myself about my culture and identity. Tschuss!

Video Presentation: Reflections on my Personal Brand

The Best Social Media for your Travels Abroad

There is no doubt that social media has revolutionised the way we interact. Everything from applying for jobs to catching up with friends has shifted online. So why wouldn’t it be an important tool to use while you’re away? I’ll share the latest social media that will help you make the most of your year abroad. Open a new tab, and get ready!

Twitter – For Short and Sweet Updates

Facebook is in danger of becoming the latest Myspace, as more of us swap posting pictures of what we’re eating in favour of speedy 140-character updates. At first it may seem like a page of random thoughts, but judging by the number of us who appear glued to our phones, it soon becomes addictive. Twitter is most useful for getting information fast. By following friends, newsfeeds and *insert random celebrities* you can see what’s ‘trending’ locally and globally.

Skype – ‘Phone Home’

In the words of E.T. ‘phone home’, but Skype is slightly more technical than pointing your finger to the sky. The video calling service allows you to contact friends and family without running up expensive phone bills. You can add contacts; sort them into groups and share videos and websites. Think of an updated MSN messenger but with webcam. And best of all, it’s free. All you need is a good internet connection, so there’s no excuse for not keeping your family informed about every little detail of your year abroad. 

Instagram – DSLR-it-up!

Instagram is fast becoming the ultimate photo-sharing website. Its many editing features give your photos a professional look by replicating the effects created by expensive DSLR cameras.  Another plus of Instagram is that you can follow your friends to see their latest snaps, and share your own photos. So when you visit that gallery abroad why not ‘Instagram-it’?

Pinterest – To Aspire and Reminisce

If you’re deciding to go on a year abroad you’re probably a fairly organised person. In that case, Pinterest is your greatest ally. It’s a site that allows you to ‘pin’ articles, pictures, anything, and organise them onto virtual boards. It’s simple yet very effective. The boards can be private or public, and depending on your interests you can follow boards and ‘repin’ what you like. So whether you want to save handy travel blogs, or repin a picture of a place you’d like to visit when you arrive, Pinterest is a brilliant way to collate and sort information. Much better than storing it all in your head, right? 

LinkedIn – Stay in Touch and Look Ahead

If you thought LinkedIn was only used by your university lecturers and past school teachers you would be doing the site a disservice. Joining LinkedIn is a great way to stay in touch with professional contacts you make while you are at university, on work experience or studying abroad, all of whom may prove useful in the future. It’s better to start building up your network now, while you’re at university, as opposed to tracking down potential contacts once you’ve graduated. The site is aimed at young professionals and allows you to advertise yourself accordingly (i.e. no embarrassing Facebook photos). You can join groups and forums that are related to your preferred industry and it also allows you to get recommendations and endorsements from contacts that can vouch for your skills. LinkedIn will help you match up to the competition and give you an insight to your chosen career path. 

So now you’re all clued up on the world of social media, why not get started now?

In the meantime, share your favourite social media below!

Newswire: Animal Culling - The View Worldwide

The pilot badger culls in west Gloucester and west Somerset are dividing England, as campaigners and government bodies jostle arguments of practicality over issues of humanity.

Practices to curb bovine TB stretch far beyond English shores and as countries such as Ireland, New Zealand and Australia, achieve successful results through the targeted use of culling, it is fast becoming an appealing prospect for the English government.

TB Free England is a prominent supporter of the badger cull in England and the organisation's figures on the rising number of cattle killed due to bovine TB are compelling. Since 1998 the number of cattle killed has quadrupled, 28,284 cattle were slaughtered last year compared to 6,000 in 1998.

However, Kate Fowler from Animal Aid rejects claims that badgers are the primary contributing factor to depleting cattle rates in England, she says: “Independent scientists and wildlife experts agree it will not contribute meaningfully to the reduction in bTB in cows. There are several other diseases and conditions that dairy cows suffer from - including lameness and mastitis - that leads to the premature deaths of many more cows than TB. Why scapegoat badgers? Shooting badgers in the dark as they run for their lives is a welfare disaster.”

Ireland

Since the Irish government extended its culling policy in 2004 the number for cattle testing positive for the disease has dramatically decreased. In 2000 40,000 cattle were affected by the disease compared to 18,500 last year. Methods include imposing traps and shooting badgers in zones situated 2km or less from animal farmland. Following the enhanced legislation last year 7,000 badgers were culled in Ireland. The Irish government’s willingness to impose culling can be attributed to the fact that a large proportion of the Irish workforce rely on dairy farming as a source of income, in 2011 the number of dairy producers in the Irish Republic was shown to be 25 times greater than in the Britain.

New Zealand

New Zealand is regarded as the poster-child for successful animal culling against bovine TB. Since possums are non-native to New Zealand, authorities have been able to aggressively target the population with relatively little resistance from the public. The result has been that bovine TB is eradicated in ten out of New Zealand's twenty-five previously affected locations. The number of herds affected by TB in 2012 stood under 200.

Although New Zealand has reduced TB by 94% since the culling of possums began in 1990, its extensive use of the poisonous white powder has led many to question New its ethical code. Animal deaths from consumption of 1080 poison range from six hours to a unethical eighteen hours until the animal experiences cardiac arrest.  Its controversial use of 1080 poison in the culling of possums has attracted fierce criticism from animal campaigners, such as Animal Aid who have labelled the practice ‘hideously protracted'.

Australia

Through intensive culling, quarantine and surveillance Australia has also reduced bovine TB. Their success can be attributed to the rigorous targeting of the feral buffalo population during the Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign. In Kakadu National Park the aerial shooting of feral buffalo, reduced the population from 20000 in 1979 to under 250 in 1996. Overall Australia has effectively reduced the risk of bTB through targeted culling. Since the 1980s the population of feral buffalo in northern Australia has plummeted from 350,000 to an estimated 150,000 in 2008. Its last outbreak was reported in wild buffalo in 2002, but officials concede the ability to entirely cull the population is impossible.

America

The US is no stranger to animal culling with rigorous tests for bovine TB in the white deer population beginning in 1995. Across the US there are an estimated 30 million white-tailed deer and methods to cull the expanding population are met with virulent opposition from campaigners and deer-friendly communities. The disease which poses a threat to cattle herds is still prevalent in California and Michigan. Following an outbreak last year, 23 animals were identified to have contracted the disease. Although bovine TB is currently under control with occasional sporadic outbreaks, it appears the US is yet to find a universally accepted solution to control bovine TB long term.

Canada

Following a series of TB related issues among wild elk in Manitoba, Canada during the 1990s the government chose to tackle the bovine disease by implementing a series of controls. Artificial barriers were erected to protect cattle populations, while wildlife reservoirs were created to prevent the migration of infected herds outside of Riding Mountain National Park. In 2009 the Canadian government organised a cull of the remaining infected elk, but rather than simply destroy affected populations, Canada's aerial cull also aimed to study bovine TB and solve future potential outbreaks in cattle stock.

Wales

Between 2011 and 2012 reported cases of cattle carrying TB in Wales rose 15%, resulting in the culling of 9,307 cows. The rising numbers have prompted the Welsh government  to find a long term solution to the problem. Vaccines are now being used to raise immunity against bTB within badgers. Intensive Action Areas have been set up in North Pembrokeshire and parts of Ceredigion, and since May 1424 badgers have been vaccinated. In the last five years 48,000 cows have been destroyed in Wales due to bovine TB, and officials accept that the desired results from vaccination will not be instantaneous.

A spokesperson for the Welsh Government said: "There is no quick fix to tackling this disease. It demands a sustainable and long-term approach that includes a range of different measures, including strict biosecurity protocols and cattle movement restrictions.

This should over time result in a decrease in the level of infection and reduce the risk of the disease spreading to cattle.”

Supporters of the badger cull however remain doubtful of the longevity of the programme, deeming it costly and and time-consuming. TB Free England estimate that the total cost of  the Welsh government's five year vaccination programme will amount to an extortionate £3,310 per badger.

With countries around the world adopting different strategies towards tackling bovine TB, will the aftermath of the badger culls in England encourage the British government to consider alternative methods of bTB prevention? The National Farmers Union has rejected vaccination as costly, but it may just be the long-term solution needed to effectively tackle bovineTB.

Irrespective of previous trials, animal campaigners remain doubtful that the badger cull will have a significant effect on bTB rates and claim the logistics of the operation are flawed. Kate Fowler says, “The marksmen are told to shoot animals broadside, while the nearside front leg is forward to expose the heart, but not near the sett or long grass - how are they supposed to shoot 5000 badgers in six weeks while following those conditions? It is impossible.”